Context
In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to the ways in which gender is represented in educational materials, particularly within English language teaching (ELT). As classrooms become more inclusive and socially aware, resources used to support language learning need to reflect diverse and equitable perspectives. This case study, part of a wider British Council initiative, explored how gender roles are portrayed in lower secondary English language textbooks approved by the Ministry of Education in Japan. The project sought to understand the messages these materials convey about gender and the potential influence they have on students’ perceptions, identities, and opportunities.
Implementation
Through a detailed content analysis of widely used textbooks, the study examines patterns of representation, including the frequency and roles of male and female characters, the types of activities they are shown participating in, the language used to describe them, and the implicit social expectations these portrayals communicate. The findings reveal not only the extent to which gender stereotypes persist in ELT materials but also opportunities for more balanced and inclusive representation that supports learners in developing critical literacy and intercultural competence.
Research and digital outputs drew on questions posed by the British Council funded Gendering-ELT research:
- To what extent do current ELT materials align with the goal of gender equality?
- What are the (mis)representations of gender and gender equity in ELT policies, curricula and materials?
The project outputs were:
- Research Report: Gender roles in English language textbooks in Japan.
- A series of online Japanese language videos for decision makers highlighting the results of the study and key considerations: Visibility, Language Issues, and Imagery.
- A downloadable toolkit ACCESS to gender balance: A toolkit for teachers that supports teachers in exploring gender-related issues through textbooks or other learning content. This toolkit includes guidelines and practical suggestions on how to balance gender diversity and inclusion and address gender empowerment in ELT materials.
- An online webinar for teachers, demonstrating the toolkit.
Impact
Recognising that textbook content is only one part of the teaching and learning process, the project extended its impact beyond analysis. Based on the study’s findings, we offered a range of digital support tools and events designed to empower teachers to address gender representation in their classrooms. These include practical classroom resources, training webinars, interactive workshops, and digital toolkits that guide teachers in fostering critical discussion, adapting materials, and creating more equitable learning environments. By connecting research with pedagogical practice, this initiative supports educators in transforming their classrooms into spaces where all learners see themselves reflected and valued.